It's less about knowing the answer, and more about knowing how to break down a problem.
That question starts with an irregular shape and missing information. Some people may just throw their hands up, say they can't do it because they've never seen it before and give up. But by breaking the problem down, you can turn the irregular shape into regular ones a deduce the info that's missing.
They are life skills most adults use every day, in situations that have nothing to do with geometry or algebra. Most of us do things every day we've never done before, by breaking problems down into bite-sized chunks. When I've supported people who struggle with basic tasks, often it's because they treat them in the same way as the people who can't do this puzzle: e.g. "I can't go for that job interview because I don't know how to get there on public transport, so I give up"