Here lies a big part of the problem, the problem that many, usually those that don't know what they are talking about, but will talk about it anyway.
As much as maybe you have fell into the trap that many do, you'd be surprised reading the above comments that actually councils are not actually huge powerful law making organisations.
I suspect that shortermism is one of the biggest problems, electing new councils every 4 years is a problem for many things.
I'll start with your rant about licenses for fast food takeaways, sadly up to quite recently councils had no power to stop them, it was called market forces and councils weren't allowed to get involved, and then a few years ago councils were allowed to put in restrictions for fast-food takeaways- mainly because of the growing obesity problem, in councils "Local Plan" The previous mayor- who sadly as we all know was a populist, declined to produce a new "local plan" so Middlesbrough's is now 8 years out of date. The reason he didn't want to do a new Local Plan was he didn't want to upset local residents in Acklam and on the southern suburbs, Coulby, Marton, Nunthorpe and allocate land for houses, it's what populists are all about, so I guess we should blame the voters and not him. So at that time the local plan was shelved and takeaways were legally allowed to open mainly depending market forces pretend or otherwise.
We, like all towns and cities have huge substance abuse problems, but councils don't cause this, and indeed are powerless to stop it, but we do have to deal with the problems that they cause, same for anti social behavior and criminality, which of course is a police issue but the police are under pressure so the council have to try pick up the slack, even though were under more pressure than the actual police themselves.
In the last 20+ years, council's have been forced into being reactive, our budgets have been slashed and now even the bare minimum is done by us having to rob Peter to pay Paul and decimate our reserves- which we have to legally have.
Councils aren't god or even law makers, we only survive because we have to, we have a legal responsibility to do almost everything that we do and we don't have any control over our income or list of statutory duties or indeed what our residents thinking when some think everything that's going wrong in the world is either because of us and/or our responsibility to fix it.